Such tools may help retailers and financial institutions cut down on credit card fraud, which persists despite efforts to boost security. Here is a primer on what smart card technology is, how EMV card security has evolved, the threats that remain to smart cards and the new technologies being used to combat ongoing threats. Smart cards are any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits that serve as a security token. Smart cards can be used for personal identification, authentication, data storage and application processing.
The technology sits at the heart of mobile phone SIM cards, public transit fare cards, ID cards for building security, and, of course, credit cards. Contactless smart card technology is used in cases where personal information needs to be protected and secure transactions need to be delivered quickly.
These include not just credit cards, but personal identification cards and transit fare payment cards. Contactless smart cards can implement a variety of industry-standard cryptographic protocols e. STA notes that contactless smart card—based devices can verify that the card reader is authentic and can prove its own authenticity to the reader before starting a secure transaction.
Further, contactless smart cards can be encrypted , as can communication between the card and the reader. Both contact and contactless smart cards have built-in security features.
Users can also counter unauthorized access by using a PIN, making the system akin to one of multifactor authentication. As CreditUnions. The card data is transacted via a reader that is part of a computing system. Systems that are enhanced with smart cards are in use today throughout several key applications, including healthcare, banking, entertainment, and transportation. The most common smart card applications are Credit cards, Electronic cash, Computer security systems, Wireless communication, Loyalty systems, Banking, Satellite TV and Government identification.
Smart cards provide different ways to securely identify and authenticate the holder and others who want to gain access to the card safely through A PIN code or biometric data. With a deeper understanding of the significant and unique features and advantages of smart cards, consumers and issuing organizations are more likely to worth considering the idea of using them.
Here are the other advantages of smart cards:. The smart card was programmed to be read flexibly and easily by a wide range of devices and readers or by multi-technology readers and in various expandable locations by adding new control panels and readers. These cards support digital signatures, which can be used to check the guarantee and validity issues by the organization and that the data on the card is correct and has not been changed fraudulently since the issuance. Smart cards have two different types of interfaces: contact and contactless which is indicated to making physical contact with the reader or not.
So smart cards can help protect corporate information networks — so-called logical access control, and also with physical access control for entry into a facility. Smart cards can support a wide variety of functions and high capacity to store information on the card and the flexibility for securely adding information.
Smart cards are small and light-weighted. They are maybe lost or forgotten in case of any use. Because of their multiple uses, their loss can cause serious damage and inconvenience to the owner or loss of important information stored on it without taking backup in advance.
Smart cards will face the problem of the high price of product complements. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. A short summary of this paper. Smart cards are made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but sometimes polyethylene terephthalate based polyesters, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene orpolycarbonate.
In recent years though, a new generation of smart cards evolved: programmable smart cards. In this paper the authors give an overview of the current state of the technology and compare the cards on the market. The scope of uses for a smart card has expanded each year to include applications in a variety of markets and disciplines. In recent years, the information age has introduced an array of security and privacy issues that have called for advanced smart card security applications.
French inventor Roland Moreno patented the memory card concept in In , Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bull invented the first microprocessor smart card. The first region corresponds to the original stripe, storing read-only information.
The third region is read-writeable and may contain digits. Markets that have been traditionally served by other machine readable card technologies, such as barcode and magnetic stripe, are converting to smart cards as the calculated return on investment is revisited by each card issuer year after year.
A study by Dataquest in March, , predicts almost 28 million smart card shipments microprocessor and memory in the U. Smart Card Forum Consumer Research, published in early , provides additional insights into consumer attitudes towards application and use of smart cards. The market of smart card is growing rapidly due to its wide range of applications. As the demand for smart cards matures, the standard memory of 32 or 64 KBytes can prove a serious limitation.
For the purpose of this discussion we will consider a CPU based card although the manufacture of a memory card is substantially a subset of that described here. The choice of chip location has been a difficult subject due largely to the use of magnetic stripes. The early French cards put the IC module further off the longitudinal axis of the card than the standard eventually agreed by ISO.
To achieve this, transistor scaling or the reduction of the gate length the size of the switch that turns transistors on and off , must be taken into consideration. Recently, IBM have built a working transistor at 6 nanometres in length which is per beyond the projection of The Consortium of International Semiconductor Companies that transistors have to be smaller than 9 nanometres by in order to continue the performance trend.
The ability to build working transistors at these dimensions could allow developers to put times more transistors into a computer chip than is currently possible.
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