ASHA is the professional organization and licensing body for speech-language pathologists. ASHA is the national professional, scientific, and credentialing association for , members and affiliates who are audiologists; speech-language pathologists; speech, language, and hearing scientists; audiology and speech-language pathology support personnel; and students.
Here are relevant citations regarding speech therapy frequency and intensity:. It is the certified speech-language pathologist who is responsible for making the primary diagnosis of CAS, for designing and implementing the individualized and intensive speech-language treatment programs needed to make optimum improvement, and for closely monitoring progress.
There is emerging research support for the need to provide three to five individual sessions per week for children with apraxia as compared to the traditional, less intensive, one to two sessions per week Hall et al. Ideally, this should be done in as naturalistic an environment as possible to facilitate carry-over and generalization of skills.
Although home practice is critical for optimal progress, it cannot take the place of individual treatment provided by a speech-language pathologist who has expertise in motor speech skill facilitation. Individual differences among children will also underlie rationale for changing the form, content, and intensity of treatment throughout the course of intervention. If toddler and preschool-age children are seen for early intervention that targets their speechmotor deficits, the frequency of treatment may be able to be reduced over time.
For children whose severity of involvement has decreased and whose treatment goals have begun to move toward language and pragmatic skills enhancement, a combination of both individual and small group therapy may also be optimal for some children, providing that a treatment focus is maintained on speech production. Given the need for repetitive production practice in motor speech disorders like CAS, intensive and individualized treatment is often stressed.
A number of research studies support the need for three to five individual sessions per week versus the traditional and less intensive one to two sessions per week Hall et al. For younger children, the frequency and length of sessions may need to be adjusted; shorter, more frequent sessions are often recommended e. Format refers to the structure of the treatment session e. The appropriateness of treatment format individual vs. For example, if the primary goal is to improve the motor aspects of speech, individual sessions that emphasize motor practice might be the preferred approach.
However, once the child has made progress on goals targeting motor speech production, goals might then include language and the enhancement of pragmatic skills. At that point, a combination of individual and group treatment may be appropriate. Group therapy is a complex learning environment with more potential distractions and fewer opportunities for practice of speech targets with individualized cueing and feedback.
Edeal and Gildersleeve-Neumann found that frequent and intense practice of speech resulted in more rapid response to treatment in two children with CAS. Treatment approaches for children with CAS typically involved therapy at least twice a week, often more. Strand et al. Iuzzini and Forrest provided 20 therapy sessions over 10 weeks. Martikainen and Korpilahti provided therapy three times a week for six weeks.
Wee words: a parent-focused group program for young children with suspected motor speech difficulties. The minimum intensity that has been shown to work is two sessions a week Namasivayam, Pukonen, Goshulak, et al.
Efficacious treatment of children with childhood apraxia of speech according to the international classification of functioning, disability and heath. With regard to research phase, only one study was considered to be phase III research, which corresponds to the controlled trial phase. The remaining studies were considered to be phase II research, which corresponds to the phase where magnitude of therapeutic effect is assessed.
International Journal of Speech-language Pathology; 18 6 ]. All participants showed an increased ability to perform the desired speech movements for perceptually accurate productions during treatment, but this approach did not immediately result in generalized improvements to untrained items or to connected speech for all children.
Intensive treatment with ultrasound visual-feedback for speech sound errors in childhood apraxia of speech. Fronteirs in Human Neuroscience ]. A secondary purpose was to assess the magnitude of change as a function of treatment intensity across outcome measures in this population. However, lower intensity treatment table 1 did not yield any statistically significant results. Importantly, there were no significant changes in speech intelligibility scores for word or sentence level across either treatment intensity.
Feedback may be more general e. Prosody is used to indicate meaning, including mood and emotions. Children with CAS often struggle to produce typical prosody in their speech.
What methods are used to treat CAS? A number of approaches are used to treat CAS. Some of these programs have been studied for effectiveness and have been shown that they do what they claim to. Other programs have not yet been studied. What is evidence-based treatment? What ages and disorders does the method treat? It has moderately strong evidence that it is effective in treating children with moderate-severe CAS ages two and older.
It has very strong evidence that it is effective for treating children with mild-moderate CAS and ataxic dysarthria ages years. It has moderately strong evidence that it is effective in treating CAS in children years old.
It has very strong evidence for effectively treating CAS in children years old. It has not yet been shown to be effective in treating CAS in research studies. ReST uses nonsense words that sound like real words but do not have meaning, allowing the child to concentrate solely on accurate movements for sounds, beat stress and smoothness.
Treatment sessions follow a consistent structure of training and practice. Learn more about REST here. IPA is an intervention program for preschool children with speech-language impairment. Although IPA was not specifically designed for children with CAS, research has demonstrated that children age with CAS demonstrated improvements in speech production.
IPA is a linguistic based approach vs. Learn more about IPA here.
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